Indian Polity & Governance·Landmark Judgments

Climate Change — Landmark Judgments

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Version 1Updated 5 Mar 2026

Landmark Judgments

M.C. Mehta v. Union of India (Taj Trapezium Case)

1997

This landmark judgment established the precautionary principle and polluter pays principle in Indian environmental jurisprudence. The Supreme Court ordered the closure of…

Vellore Citizens Welfare Forum v. Union of India

1996

This judgment established the precautionary principle and polluter pays principle as part of Indian environmental law. The Court held that these principles are now part of the…

Indian Council for Enviro-Legal Action v. Union of India (Bichhri Village Case)

1996

This case addressed groundwater contamination and soil pollution caused by chemical industries, establishing the absolute liability principle for hazardous activities. The Supreme…

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