Metals and Non-metals

Metals: Lustrous, malleable, ductile, sonorous, good conductors (heat/electricity).
Non-metals: Dull, brittle, poor conductors (except graphite).
Metalloids: Intermediate properties, semiconductors (e.g., Silicon).
Metal oxides: Basic or amphoteric. Non-metal oxides: Acidic or neutral.
Reactivity Series: K > Na > Ca > Mg > Al > Zn > Fe > Pb > H > Cu > Ag > Au.
Extraction: Electrolysis (reactive), Carbon reduction (moderate), Hydrometallurgy (less reactive).
Corrosion: Electrochemical process (e.g., rusting of iron).
Prevention: Galvanization (Zn coating), Cathodic protection, Alloying.
Alloys: Mixtures enhancing properties (Steel: Fe+C, Brass: Cu+Zn, Bronze: Cu+Sn).
Environmental Impact: AMD, habitat loss, energy use; mitigated by recycling (Al recycling saves ~95% energy).

Mnemonic

Vyyuha Quick Recall: METAL-MAGIC

Usage Guide

Use METAL-MAGIC to quickly review the fundamental characteristics, key processes, and critical contemporary linkages of metals and non-metals. Each letter triggers a core concept, ensuring comprehensive recall for both Prelims factual questions and Mains analytical demands. For instance, 'I' reminds you of the three main extraction methods, while 'C' prompts you to consider environmental impacts and current policy developments, crucial for a holistic UPSC answer.

Full Expansion

This mnemonic helps recall key aspects of Metals and Non-metals for UPSC.

Malleability & Ductility: Characteristic of metals.
Electron Loss/Gain: Metals lose, Non-metals gain/share.
Thermal & Electrical Conductivity: High for metals, low for non-metals.
Alloys: Mixtures for enhanced properties.
Luster: Metals are shiny, non-metals are dull.
Metalloids: Intermediate properties, semiconductors.
Acidic/Basic Oxides: Non-metals form acidic, metals form basic/amphoteric.
Galvanization & Corrosion: Prevention methods.
Industrial Extraction: Electrolysis, Carbon Reduction, Hydrometallurgy.
Current Affairs & Environment: Policy, sustainability, pollution.