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General Studies III· UPSC CSE

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Science & Technology — For UPSC Prelims & Mains

Space, defence, biotechnology, and the policies driving innovation.

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UPSC-CSE/Science & Technology

1

6 topics · 25 pages

Open chapter →

01.01Mechanics
3 sub-topics
- 01.01.01Laws of Motion
- 01.01.02Work, Energy and Power
- 01.01.03Gravitation
01.02Heat and Thermodynamics
3 sub-topics
- 01.02.01Temperature and Heat
- 01.02.02Laws of Thermodynamics
- 01.02.03Heat Transfer
01.03Light and Optics
3 sub-topics
- 01.03.01Reflection and Refraction
- 01.03.02Lenses and Mirrors
- 01.03.03Optical Instruments
01.04Sound and Waves
3 sub-topics
- 01.04.01Wave Properties
- 01.04.02Sound Waves
- 01.04.03Doppler Effect
01.05Electricity and MagnetismHigh yield
3 sub-topics
- 01.05.01Electric Current and Circuits
- 01.05.02Electromagnetic Induction
- 01.05.03Magnetic Effects
01.06Modern PhysicsHigh yield
4 sub-topics
- 01.06.01Atomic Structure
- 01.06.02Nuclear Physics
- 01.06.03Quantum Mechanics
- 01.06.04Relativity

2

6 topics · 25 pages

Open chapter →

02.01Atomic Structure and Periodic Table
3 sub-topics
- 02.01.01Atomic Models
- 02.01.02Electronic Configuration
- 02.01.03Periodic Properties
02.02Chemical Bonding
3 sub-topics
- 02.02.01Ionic and Covalent Bonds
- 02.02.02Molecular Geometry
- 02.02.03Intermolecular Forces
02.03Acids, Bases and SaltsHigh yield
3 sub-topics
- 02.03.01pH and Indicators
- 02.03.02Neutralization
- 02.03.03Buffer Solutions
02.04Metals and Non-metalsHigh yield
3 sub-topics
- 02.04.01Properties and Reactions
- 02.04.02Extraction of Metals
- 02.04.03Corrosion and Prevention
02.05Organic Chemistry
3 sub-topics
- 02.05.01Hydrocarbons
- 02.05.02Functional Groups
- 02.05.03Polymers
02.06Environmental ChemistryHigh yield
4 sub-topics
- 02.06.01Air Pollution
- 02.06.02Water Pollution
- 02.06.03Soil Pollution
- 02.06.04Green Chemistry

3

6 topics · 27 pages

Open chapter →

03.01Cell BiologyHigh yield
3 sub-topics
- 03.01.01Cell Structure and Function
- 03.01.02Cell Division
- 03.01.03Biomolecules
03.02Genetics and EvolutionHigh yield
4 sub-topics
- 03.02.01Mendel's Laws
- 03.02.02DNA and RNA
- 03.02.03Genetic Engineering
- 03.02.04Theory of Evolution
03.03Human PhysiologyHigh yield
4 sub-topics
- 03.03.01Digestive System
- 03.03.02Respiratory System
- 03.03.03Circulatory System
- 03.03.04Nervous System
03.04Plant Biology
3 sub-topics
- 03.04.01Photosynthesis
- 03.04.02Plant Nutrition
- 03.04.03Plant Hormones
03.05MicrobiologyHigh yield
3 sub-topics
- 03.05.01Bacteria and Viruses
- 03.05.02Fungi and Protozoa
- 03.05.03Antibiotics and Vaccines
03.06Ecology and EnvironmentHigh yield
4 sub-topics
- 03.06.01Ecosystem Dynamics
- 03.06.02Biodiversity
- 03.06.03Conservation Biology
- 03.06.04Climate Change

4

Information Technology

6 topics · 26 pages

Open chapter →

04.01Computer Fundamentals
3 sub-topics
- 04.01.01Hardware and Software
- 04.01.02Operating Systems
- 04.01.03Programming Languages
04.02Internet and NetworksHigh yield
3 sub-topics
- 04.02.01Internet Protocols
- 04.02.02Network Security
- 04.02.03Cloud Computing
04.03Artificial IntelligenceHigh yield
4 sub-topics
- 04.03.01Machine Learning
- 04.03.02Deep Learning
- 04.03.03Natural Language Processing
- 04.03.04Computer Vision
04.04Emerging TechnologiesHigh yield
4 sub-topics
- 04.04.01Blockchain Technology
- 04.04.02Internet of Things
- 04.04.03Quantum Computing
- 04.04.04Robotics
04.05CybersecurityHigh yield
3 sub-topics
- 04.05.01Cyber Threats
- 04.05.02Data Protection
- 04.05.03Cryptography
04.06Digital India InitiativesHigh yield
3 sub-topics
- 04.06.01E-Governance
- 04.06.02Digital Payment Systems
- 04.06.03Aadhaar and Digital Identity

5

Space Technology

4 topics · 17 pages

Open chapter →

05.01Indian Space ProgrammeHigh yield
3 sub-topics
- 05.01.01ISRO Missions
- 05.01.02Satellite Technology
- 05.01.03Launch Vehicles
05.02Space ApplicationsHigh yield
4 sub-topics
- 05.02.01Remote Sensing
- 05.02.02GPS and Navigation
- 05.02.03Weather Forecasting
- 05.02.04Communication Satellites
05.03Space Exploration
3 sub-topics
- 05.03.01Mars Missions
- 05.03.02Moon Missions
- 05.03.03International Space Station
05.04Space Policy and Governance
3 sub-topics
- 05.04.01Space Laws
- 05.04.02Commercial Space
- 05.04.03Space Debris

6

Nuclear Technology

4 topics · 17 pages

Open chapter →

06.01Nuclear Physics Fundamentals
3 sub-topics
- 06.01.01Radioactivity
- 06.01.02Nuclear Reactions
- 06.01.03Half-life and Decay
06.02Nuclear PowerHigh yield
4 sub-topics
- 06.02.01Nuclear Reactors
- 06.02.02Nuclear Fuel Cycle
- 06.02.03Nuclear Safety
- 06.02.04Nuclear Waste Management
06.03Nuclear ApplicationsHigh yield
3 sub-topics
- 06.03.01Medical Applications
- 06.03.02Agricultural Applications
- 06.03.03Industrial Applications
06.04Nuclear Policy and GovernanceHigh yield
3 sub-topics
- 06.04.01Nuclear Non-proliferation
- 06.04.02International Atomic Energy Agency
- 06.04.03Nuclear Suppliers Group

7

5 topics · 23 pages

Open chapter →

07.01Genetic EngineeringHigh yield
4 sub-topics
- 07.01.01Recombinant DNA Technology
- 07.01.02Gene Cloning
- 07.01.03CRISPR Technology
- 07.01.04Gene Therapy
07.02Medical BiotechnologyHigh yield
4 sub-topics
- 07.02.01Vaccines and Immunotherapy
- 07.02.02Stem Cell Technology
- 07.02.03Personalized Medicine
- 07.02.04Biosensors
07.03Agricultural BiotechnologyHigh yield
4 sub-topics
- 07.03.01Genetically Modified Crops
- 07.03.02Bt Cotton
- 07.03.03Golden Rice
- 07.03.04Biopesticides
07.04Industrial Biotechnology
3 sub-topics
- 07.04.01Biofuels
- 07.04.02Enzymes in Industry
- 07.04.03Bioremediation
07.05Bioethics and BiosafetyHigh yield
3 sub-topics
- 07.05.01Ethical Issues in Biotechnology
- 07.05.02Biosafety Regulations
- 07.05.03Intellectual Property Rights

8

Defense Technology

4 topics · 16 pages

Open chapter →

08.01Missile TechnologyHigh yield
3 sub-topics
- 08.01.01Ballistic Missiles
- 08.01.02Cruise Missiles
- 08.01.03Anti-missile Systems
08.02Radar and Surveillance
3 sub-topics
- 08.02.01Radar Technology
- 08.02.02Electronic Warfare
- 08.02.03Stealth Technology
08.03Unmanned SystemsHigh yield
3 sub-topics
- 08.03.01Drones and UAVs
- 08.03.02Autonomous Weapons
- 08.03.03Underwater Vehicles
08.04Cyber WarfareHigh yield
3 sub-topics
- 08.04.01Cyber Attacks
- 08.04.02Information Warfare
- 08.04.03Critical Infrastructure Protection

9

Energy Technology

4 topics · 17 pages

Open chapter →

09.01Renewable EnergyHigh yield
4 sub-topics
- 09.01.01Solar Energy
- 09.01.02Wind Energy
- 09.01.03Hydroelectric Power
- 09.01.04Geothermal Energy
09.02Energy StorageHigh yield
3 sub-topics
- 09.02.01Battery Technology
- 09.02.02Fuel Cells
- 09.02.03Pumped Storage
09.03Clean Energy TechnologiesHigh yield
3 sub-topics
- 09.03.01Hydrogen Energy
- 09.03.02Carbon Capture and Storage
- 09.03.03Smart Grid Technology
09.04Energy Efficiency
3 sub-topics
- 09.04.01LED Technology
- 09.04.02Energy Conservation
- 09.04.03Green Buildings

10

3 topics · 12 pages

Open chapter →

10.01Nanomaterials
3 sub-topics
- 10.01.01Carbon Nanotubes
- 10.01.02Graphene
- 10.01.03Quantum Dots
10.02Nano Applications
3 sub-topics
- 10.02.01Nanomedicine
- 10.02.02Nano Electronics
- 10.02.03Environmental Applications
10.03Nanosafety
3 sub-topics
- 10.03.01Health Risks
- 10.03.02Environmental Impact
- 10.03.03Regulatory Framework

11

Science and Technology Policy

4 topics · 17 pages

Open chapter →

11.01National Science PolicyHigh yield
3 sub-topics
- 11.01.01Science Technology and Innovation Policy
- 11.01.02Research and Development
- 11.01.03Technology Transfer
11.02Scientific InstitutionsHigh yield
4 sub-topics
- 11.02.01CSIR and National Laboratories
- 11.02.02IITs and IISc
- 11.02.03DRDO
- 11.02.04DAE and DST
11.03Innovation EcosystemHigh yield
3 sub-topics
- 11.03.01Startup India
- 11.03.02Incubators and Accelerators
- 11.03.03Technology Parks
11.04International Cooperation
3 sub-topics
- 11.04.01Bilateral Science Agreements
- 11.04.02Multilateral Initiatives
- 11.04.03Technology Collaboration