Theory of Evolution — Mains Questions

Critically analyze the contributions of Darwin, Lamarck, and the Modern Synthetic Theory to our understanding of evolution. Which framework provides the most comprehensive explanation for the diversity of life?

Discuss the various lines of evidence that support the theory of evolution. How has molecular biology revolutionized our understanding of evolutionary relationships?

Explain the concept of speciation and its different types. How does speciation contribute to biodiversity, and what are its implications for conservation biology in India?

Trace the major milestones in human evolution from early hominins to modern *Homo sapiens*. What insights do fossil discoveries and molecular evidence provide regarding our lineage?

How do evolutionary principles underpin modern biotechnology applications, particularly in areas like disease resistance and genetic engineering?

Examine the concept of 'punctuated equilibrium' and its implications for interpreting the fossil record. How does it complement the traditional view of gradualism?