International Atomic Energy Agency — Mains Questions

Critically examine the dual role of the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) as a promoter of peaceful nuclear technology and a guardian against nuclear proliferation. Discuss the challenges it faces in balancing these mandates in the contemporary global scenario.

Analyze the significance of the 2008 India-IAEA Safeguards Agreement and its subsequent Additional Protocol for India's civil nuclear program and its standing in the global nuclear order. What are the implications for India's energy security and non-proliferation commitments?

The International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) plays a crucial role in global nuclear governance, yet its effectiveness is often constrained by geopolitical realities. Discuss this statement with reference to contemporary challenges such as the Iran nuclear program and the AUKUS security partnership.