CRISPR Technology — Prelims Strategy

Prelims Strategy

For Prelims, a strong grasp of CRISPR's fundamental mechanism is paramount. Focus on understanding the roles of the guide RNA, Cas9 enzyme, and the Protospacer Adjacent Motif (PAM) sequence. Clearly differentiate between the two primary DNA repair pathways: Non-Homologous End Joining (NHEJ) for gene knockout (error-prone) and Homology-Directed Repair (HDR) for precise gene correction/insertion.

Memorize key applications across medicine (e.g., sickle cell, cancer immunotherapy), agriculture (e.g., disease-resistant crops, stress tolerance), and diagnostics (e.g., SHERLOCK/DETECTR). Pay close attention to recent advancements like Base Editing and Prime Editing, understanding their core innovation (no double-strand breaks, expanded editing capabilities).

Crucially, know India's ethical and regulatory stance, particularly the prohibition of germline editing by ICMR and the evolving DBT/MoEFCC guidelines for gene-edited crops. Practice MCQs that test conceptual clarity and factual recall, especially those designed to trap aspirants on subtle differences in repair mechanisms or policy nuances.

Create flashcards for key terms and their functions.