Genetically Modified Crops — Key Discoveries

Key Discoveries

Aruna Rodrigues & Ors. v. Union of India & Ors.

2005 onwards (ongoing)

This series of Public Interest Litigations (PILs) in the Supreme Court of India has been pivotal in shaping the discourse and regulatory oversight of GM crops. The petitioners…

GEAC Approval of Bt Brinjal

2009 (Approval), 2010 (Moratorium)

In 2009, the GEAC approved Bt brinjal for commercial cultivation, marking a significant step after Bt cotton. However, following widespread protests from environmental groups,…

Cartagena Protocol on Biosafety

2000 (Adopted), 2003 (Entered into force)

While not a court judgment, the Cartagena Protocol is a landmark international legal instrument governing the transboundary movement of Living Modified Organisms (LMOs) resulting…

GEAC Approval of GM Mustard (DMH-11)

2022

In October 2022, the GEAC approved the environmental release of genetically modified mustard hybrid DMH-11 for seed production and parental line testing, making it the first GM…