Genetically Modified Crops — Prelims Strategy

Prelims Strategy

For Prelims, a strong grasp of factual details is paramount. Begin by understanding the fundamental definition of GM crops and how they differ from hybrid crops. Memorize the key regulatory bodies in India: GEAC (under MoEFCC), RCGM (under DBT), and FSSAI (for GM foods), along with the primary legal framework (Environment Protection Act, 1986, and 1989 Rules).

Focus on specific examples: Bt cotton (its success, the Cry genes), Bt brinjal (moratorium), Golden Rice (Vitamin A enhancement), and GM mustard (DMH-11, barnase-barstar system, glufosinate tolerance, current controversy).

Be aware of the Cartagena Protocol on Biosafety and its implications. Pay attention to recent current affairs, especially GEAC decisions and new guidelines for gene-edited crops (SDN1/SDN2 exemption).

Questions often test the correct pairing of GM crops with their traits or the regulatory body responsible for a specific function. Create flashcards for key terms like 'transgenic,' 'gene flow,' 'biosafety,' and 'substantial equivalence.

' Practice MCQs that include trap options related to misattribution of regulatory bodies or incorrect nutritional benefits.