Biosafety Regulations — Mains Questions

Critically analyze India's biosafety regulatory framework for Genetically Modified Organisms (GMOs). Discuss the roles of key institutions and the challenges faced in balancing innovation with public and environmental safety. (250 words, 15 marks)

The Cartagena Protocol on Biosafety and India's domestic regulations collectively aim to ensure the safe use of modern biotechnology. Elaborate on the key provisions of the Protocol and how India integrates these into its national biosafety framework. (250 words, 15 marks)

Discuss the emerging governance issues in biosafety, particularly in the context of gene editing technologies, AI in biotechnology, and pandemic preparedness. What policy measures are needed to address these challenges effectively? (250 words, 15 marks)