Research and Development — Mains Questions

Critically analyze the challenges faced by India in boosting its Gross Expenditure on R&D (GERD) as a percentage of GDP. Suggest concrete policy measures to enhance private sector participation in R&D.

The National Research Foundation (NRF) is envisioned as a game-changer for India's R&D ecosystem. Discuss its objectives and governance structure, and evaluate its potential to democratize research and foster innovation across the country.

Examine the role of India's major public sector R&D institutions (CSIR, DRDO, ISRO) in achieving national strategic autonomy and socio-economic development. What steps are needed to enhance their efficiency and impact?