Technology Transfer — Tech Evolutions

Entry	Year	Description	Impact
The Patents (Amendment) Act, 2005	2005	Introduced product patents in all fields of technology, including pharmaceuticals and agrochemicals, to comply with India's TRIPS obligations. It also streamlined compulsory licensing provisions and introduced pre-grant opposition.	Significantly impacted technology transfer by strengthening IPR protection, making India a more attractive destination for foreign technology providers, but also raising concerns about access to affordable medicines and the scope for indigenous generic production.
The Foreign Exchange Management (Current Account Transactions) (Amendment) Rules, 2015	2015	Further liberalized rules for current account transactions, including those related to royalty payments and technical collaboration fees for technology imports.	Simplified the financial aspects of technology transfer, making it easier for Indian companies to pay for foreign technology and expertise, thereby encouraging more collaborations.
The Patents (Amendment) Rules, 2019	2019	Introduced provisions for expedited examination of patent applications for startups and entities choosing India as an international searching authority/international preliminary examining authority.	Aimed to speed up the patenting process, which can facilitate quicker commercialization and technology transfer, especially for startups and indigenous innovators.