National Science Policy — Mains Questions

Critically analyze the evolution of India's National Science Policy from 1958 to 2020. Discuss how each policy iteration responded to the contemporary needs and challenges of the nation.

Despite a robust institutional framework, India's Gross Expenditure on R&D (GERD) as a percentage of GDP remains low. Examine the reasons for this and suggest measures to boost R&D investment, particularly from the private sector, in line with STIP 2020.

The Science, Technology and Innovation Policy (STIP) 2020 emphasizes an 'Open Science' framework. Discuss the potential benefits and challenges of implementing Open Science in the Indian context, particularly concerning data privacy and intellectual property rights.