CSIR and National Laboratories — Tech Evolutions

Entry	Year	Description	Impact
42nd Amendment Act	1976	This amendment inserted Article 51A into the Constitution, which enumerates the Fundamental Duties of Indian citizens. Specifically, Article 51A(h) mandates 'to develop the scientific temper, humanism and the spirit of inquiry and reform.'	While CSIR itself is not a constitutional body, this amendment provides a constitutional underpinning for the promotion of scientific research and a rational outlook in society, which is the core ethos of CSIR. It reinforces the state's and citizens' collective responsibility to foster an environment conducive to scientific progress, thereby indirectly strengthening the mandate and relevance of institutions like CSIR in national development and intellectual discourse.