Technology Collaboration — Tech Evolutions

Entry	Year	Description	Impact
National Science & Technology Policy 2013 (Update)	2013	While not a constitutional amendment, the National Science & Technology Policy (NSTP) 2013 represented a significant policy 'amendment' or evolution in India's approach to S&T, particularly international cooperation. It explicitly articulated a vision for India as a global leader and emphasized international collaboration as a strategic imperative, moving beyond earlier policies that focused more on self-reliance in isolation. It laid the groundwork for the diversified and proactive technology diplomacy seen today.	Shifted India's S&T policy from a primarily inward-looking approach to one that actively seeks global partnerships. It provided a clear mandate for ministries and scientific agencies to engage internationally, leading to a proliferation of bilateral and multilateral S&T agreements and joint initiatives. This policy 'amendment' fundamentally reshaped India's engagement with the global scientific community.
Foreign Trade Policy (FTP) 2023 (Technology Export Promotion)	2023	The Foreign Trade Policy (FTP) 2023, while primarily focused on trade, includes provisions that indirectly 'amend' or update the framework for technology collaboration by promoting technology exports and facilitating the import of critical technologies. It aims to make India a global manufacturing and export hub, which necessitates both importing advanced technologies for domestic production and exporting India's own technological innovations. The policy simplifies procedures and provides incentives for R&D and export-oriented units.	Facilitates technology transfer both into and out of India. By promoting technology exports, it encourages Indian companies to develop globally competitive technologies, making them attractive partners for international collaboration. By simplifying import procedures for R&D inputs, it supports domestic innovation that can then be leveraged in collaborative projects. This policy 'amendment' supports the 'Atmanirbhar Bharat' vision through global engagement.
Space Policy 2023 (Private Sector & International Collaboration)	2023	The Indian Space Policy 2023 is a landmark 'amendment' to India's space sector approach, explicitly opening up the sector to private players and emphasizing international collaboration. It defines the roles of ISRO, NewSpace India Limited (NSIL), and the Indian National Space Promotion and Authorization Centre (IN-SPACe), creating a framework for private sector participation and international partnerships in space activities, from satellite manufacturing to launch services and data utilization.	Revolutionized India's space technology collaboration. It enables private Indian companies to partner with international entities, fostering greater innovation and investment. It positions India as a more attractive partner for global space agencies and private companies, expanding the scope of collaboration beyond traditional government-to-government agreements, particularly in areas like satellite constellations, deep-space missions, and space debris management [VY:SCI-11-02-01].