Article 15(4) and 16(4) — Mains Questions

Analyze the constitutional philosophy behind Articles 15(4) and 16(4). How do these provisions balance the competing demands of equality and social justice in the Indian context?

Examine the role of judicial interpretation in shaping the implementation of Articles 15(4) and 16(4). Discuss the major Supreme Court judgments and their impact on reservation policy.

Critically evaluate the effectiveness of Articles 15(4) and 16(4) in achieving their intended objectives. What are the contemporary challenges in their implementation?