Article 15(4) and 16(4) — MCQ Practice

With reference to Articles 15(4) and 16(4) of the Indian Constitution, consider the following statements: 1. Article 15(4) was part of the original Constitution adopted in 1950 2. The 93rd Constitutional Amendment extended the scope of Article 15(4) to private educational institutions 3. Article 16(4A) provides for reservation in promotions for all backward classes 4. The creamy layer concept applies to both SC/ST and OBC categories Which of the statements given above are correct?

The Supreme Court's judgment in M. Nagaraj v. Union of India (2006) established which of the following principles regarding Articles 16(4) and 16(4A)? 1. These articles confer fundamental rights on backward classes 2. The state must satisfy a triple test before providing reservations 3. Reservation in promotion is a fundamental right of SC/ST employees 4. Administrative efficiency must be maintained while providing reservations

Which of the following constitutional amendments is correctly matched with its provision? 1. 1st Amendment - Added Article 15(4) 2. 77th Amendment - Added Article 16(4A) 3. 93rd Amendment - Added Article 15(5) 4. 103rd Amendment - Added Article 15(6)

Consider the following statements about the scope of Articles 15(4) and 16(4): 1. Article 15(4) covers both educational institutions and employment 2. Article 16(4) applies to both government and private sector employment 3. The 93rd Amendment extended Article 15(4) benefits to private educational institutions 4. Article 16(4) uses the phrase 'socially and educationally backward classes' Which of the statements given above are correct?

The Champakam Dorairajan case (1951) is significant in the context of Articles 15(4) and 16(4) because it: 1. Upheld the validity of caste-based reservations in education 2. Led to the First Constitutional Amendment 3. Established the 50% ceiling on reservations 4. Introduced the creamy layer concept