Swachh Bharat Mission — Amendments

Amendment	Year	Description	Impact
73rd Constitutional Amendment Act	1992	This amendment institutionalized Panchayati Raj Institutions (PRIs) in rural areas, granting them constitutional status and devolving powers and responsibilities, including those related to sanitation and public health, to local self-governments. This provided the foundational framework for decentralized implementation of rural development schemes.	Empowered Gram Panchayats to play a central role in planning, implementing, and monitoring sanitation programs like SBM-G, fostering community ownership and participation at the grassroots level.
74th Constitutional Amendment Act	1992	This amendment provided constitutional recognition to Urban Local Bodies (ULBs) and defined their powers and responsibilities, including urban planning, public health, sanitation, and solid waste management. It established a framework for effective urban governance.	Enabled Urban Local Bodies to become the primary implementing agencies for SBM-U, giving them the mandate and institutional structure to address complex urban sanitation and waste management challenges.