Identifying Problems — Prelims Strategy

Prelims Strategy

Read a proposed problem statement for hidden assumptions. Does it describe the observed gap, or does it assert a cause such as poor motivation without evidence? Does it already prescribe buses, penalties or extra staff? Prefer the statement that matches the measured population and period while leaving unsupported explanations open.

When numbers are supplied, calculate relevant rates using the correct denominators and check whether the population or recording method changed. Distinguish a larger absolute burden from a worse proportional outcome. If an average changes, consider whether the mix of simple and complex cases changed before inferring that performance within each category deteriorated.

For process questions, locate the stage where cases accumulate and inspect its inputs. Do not focus on the final visible symptom when the evidence places the delay earlier. For next-information questions, choose a comparison that would differ under competing hypotheses. In prioritisation questions, combine severity, urgency, frequency and feasible action; neither publicity nor complaint count alone supplies a complete ranking.