Ecosystem Structure and Function — Definition

Definition

An ecosystem is a system of organisms interacting with one another and with their physical surroundings through transfers of energy and materials. Its structure includes the organisms present, their arrangement and the non-living environment.

Its functions include production, feeding, decomposition and nutrient movement. A pond can be studied as an ecosystem even though water, organisms and nutrients cross its boundary. An ecosystem is therefore not simply a list of species or a completely closed container.

Understanding its organisation helps explain why changing water, soil or one feeding relationship can affect several other parts of the system.