Land Degradation — Environmental Laws

Entry	Year	Description	Impact
42nd Amendment Act	1976	Inserted Article 48A (Directive Principle of State Policy) and Article 51A(g) (Fundamental Duty) into the Constitution. Article 48A mandates the State to protect and improve the environment and safeguard forests and wildlife. Article 51A(g) makes it a fundamental duty of every citizen to protect and improve the natural environment.	Provided a constitutional basis for environmental protection in India, including the implicit mandate to prevent land degradation. It shifted environmental concerns from mere policy to constitutional obligations, guiding subsequent legislation and judicial interpretations related to land and environmental health. It empowered the state to enact laws like the Environment (Protection) Act, 1986.

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