Helping the Vulnerable — Ethical Standards

Entry	Year	Description	Impact
42nd Amendment	1976	Added 'socialist' and 'secular' to the Preamble, reinforcing the state's commitment to social justice and equal treatment of all religions. Also added Article 39A (equal justice and free legal aid) and Article 43A (worker participation in management).	Strengthened constitutional foundation for protecting vulnerable groups by emphasizing social justice as a core constitutional value and mandating free legal aid for the poor and disadvantaged.
86th Amendment	2002	Made education a fundamental right under Article 21A for children aged 6-14 years and added Article 51A(k) making it a fundamental duty of parents/guardians to provide education opportunities to children.	Transformed education from a directive principle to a fundamental right, providing stronger legal foundation for ensuring educational access for vulnerable children and creating accountability mechanisms for the state.