Reward and Punishment System — Definition

Definition

A reward and punishment system links consequences to conduct to encourage desired behaviour and discourage misconduct. Its ethical quality depends on relevant criteria, reliable evidence, fair opportunity, proportionate consequences and review.

Reinforcement strengthens a response; punishment seeks to reduce it. Positive reinforcement adds a favourable consequence, while negative reinforcement removes an aversive condition. These behavioural labels do not themselves establish fairness.

A public institution must also examine whether its incentives support the service purpose or encourage manipulation, concealment and unequal treatment through a poorly chosen performance measure.