Environmental Degradation — Policy Changes

Entry	Year	Description	Impact
42nd Constitutional Amendment	1976	Inserted Article 48A (Directive Principle of State Policy) and Article 51A(g) (Fundamental Duty) into the Constitution, explicitly mandating the State and citizens, respectively, to protect and improve the environment.	Provided a constitutional basis for environmental protection in India, guiding subsequent legislation and judicial interpretations. Elevated environmental concerns to a matter of state policy and citizen responsibility.
Environment (Protection) Amendment Rules	Various, e.g., 1999, 2002, 2006, 2016	The Environment (Protection) Act, 1986, has seen numerous amendments to its rules, such as those related to hazardous waste management, coastal regulation zones, and noise pollution standards, to adapt to evolving environmental challenges.	Strengthened specific regulatory aspects of environmental protection, introduced new categories of regulated activities, and updated standards in response to scientific understanding and emerging threats. For instance, the EIA Notification 2006, issued under EPA, significantly revised the environmental clearance process.

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