International Boundaries — Policy Changes

Entry	Year	Description	Impact
9th Amendment	1960	Added the Berubari Union and certain other territories to the First Schedule to facilitate the transfer of territory to Pakistan as part of the implementation of the Nehru-Noon Agreement. This amendment was necessitated by the Supreme Court's decision in the Berubari Union case.	Established the constitutional procedure for territorial transfers and exchanges with foreign countries, setting precedent for future boundary agreements including the 2015 Land Boundary Agreement with Bangladesh.
100th Amendment	2015	Ratified the Land Boundary Agreement between India and Bangladesh, facilitating the exchange of enclaves and simplifying the complex border arrangement. The amendment allowed for the transfer of certain territories and the exchange of enclaves without affecting the federal structure.	Resolved a 68-year-old boundary issue, eliminated the world's most complex enclave situation, and demonstrated India's commitment to peaceful resolution of boundary disputes through constitutional and legal means.

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