Directive Principles — Landmark Judgments

Landmark Judgments

State of Madras v. Champakam Dorairajan

1951

This landmark case established the initial supremacy of Fundamental Rights over DPSP. The Supreme Court struck down a government order providing caste-based reservations in…

Kesavananda Bharati v. State of Kerala

1973

This historic case established the Basic Structure doctrine and significantly elevated the status of DPSP. The Supreme Court held that both Fundamental Rights and DPSP are…

Minerva Mills Ltd. v. Union of India

1980

This case established the doctrine of harmonious construction between Fundamental Rights and DPSP. The Supreme Court struck down clauses 4 and 5 of Article 368 added by the 42nd…

Unnikrishnan v. State of Andhra Pradesh

1993

This case demonstrated how DPSP can be used to interpret and expand Fundamental Rights. The Supreme Court held that the right to education up to age 14 is a fundamental right…

M.C. Mehta v. Union of India (Taj Trapezium Case)

1997

This environmental case showed how DPSP, particularly Article 48A (environmental protection), can be enforced through Article 21 (right to life). The Supreme Court ordered the…

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• Valid & invalid arguments
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• Critical reasoning