Plant Biology — Tech Evolutions

Entry	Year	Description	Impact
N/A (Act)	2002	The Biological Diversity Act, 2002, enacted by the Indian Parliament, aims to conserve biological diversity, promote its sustainable use, and ensure fair and equitable sharing of benefits arising from the utilization of genetic resources. This Act is crucial for protecting India's rich plant biodiversity, regulating access to biological resources, and safeguarding traditional knowledge associated with plants.	Provides a legal framework for biodiversity conservation, including plant genetic resources. It established the National Biodiversity Authority (NBA), State Biodiversity Boards (SBBs), and Biodiversity Management Committees (BMCs) to implement its provisions. Directly impacts research, commercial utilization, and intellectual property related to plant species in India.
N/A (Act)	2001	The Protection of Plant Varieties and Farmers' Rights (PPV&FR) Act, 2001, was enacted to establish an effective system for the protection of plant varieties, the rights of farmers and plant breeders, and to encourage the development of new varieties of plants. It recognizes the significant contributions of farmers in developing new plant varieties and provides for their rights.	Offers intellectual property protection for new plant varieties, similar to patents but tailored for plants. Crucially, it grants 'Farmers' Rights' which include the right to save, use, sow, re-sow, exchange, share, or sell farm produce including seed of a protected variety, except for selling branded seed. This balances breeders' rights with farmers' traditional practices, impacting agricultural innovation and seed industry.