Climate Change Mitigation — Amendments

Amendment	Year	Description	Impact
Act 19 of 2022	2022	The Energy Conservation (Amendment) Act, 2022 created express statutory authority for a carbon credit trading scheme. It inserted section 14(w) of the principal Act and section 14AA, allowing the Central Government or its authorised agency to issue carbon credit certificates to registered entities complying with the scheme. Registered entities may buy or sell certificates in accordance with that scheme. The amendment supplies the legal framework; scheme requirements and actual emission outcomes are separate matters.	For mitigation, the practical question is what emission reduction a certificate represents and how compliance is measured. A trading provision alone does not establish the size, additionality or permanence of any claimed reduction. Distinguish the enabling amendment from later scheme rules and project performance. Do not convert a certificate price, an investment announcement or a statutory power into a verified quantity of emissions avoided.