Geothermal Energy — Definition

Definition

Geothermal energy uses heat associated with the Earth for electricity generation or appropriate heating and cooling services. Useful projects depend on resource temperature, depth, fluid conditions and the ability to transfer heat to a demand.

Electricity generation, direct heat use and ground-source heat pumps are distinct applications. A heat pump consumes electricity to move heat rather than converting underground heat directly into electricity.

Resource potential, assessed recoverability and commissioned capacity are also different claims. India's National Policy on Geothermal Energy was issued on 15 September 2025; that policy milestone does not itself establish the operating performance of individual projects.