Reform Movements — Key Changes

Entry	Year	Description	Impact
Sati Regulation Act	1829	This act, formally Regulation XVII of the Bengal Code, declared the practice of Sati (widow immolation) illegal and punishable by criminal courts. It was a direct result of Raja Ram Mohan Roy's relentless campaign against this social evil.	Abolished a barbaric practice, setting a precedent for state intervention in social customs. Signified a major victory for social reformers and humanitarian principles.
Hindu Widow Remarriage Act	1856	Enacted largely due to the efforts of Ishwar Chandra Vidyasagar, this Act legalized the remarriage of Hindu widows, granting legitimacy to children born of such unions and allowing widows to inherit property.	Provided legal sanction for a crucial social reform, challenging patriarchal norms and improving the status of Hindu widows, though social acceptance remained a challenge.
Age of Consent Act	1891	This legislation raised the age of consent for sexual intercourse for girls from 10 to 12 years, making intercourse with a girl under 12, even by her husband, a criminal offense.	A step towards protecting child brides and addressing child marriage, despite facing strong opposition from orthodox sections who viewed it as interference in religious customs. Paved the way for later, more comprehensive laws.
Child Marriage Restraint Act (Sarda Act)	1929	Named after its sponsor Harbilas Sarda, this Act fixed the minimum age of marriage for girls at 14 years and for boys at 18 years. It was a significant legislative measure against child marriage.	Further strengthened the legal framework against child marriage, reflecting the sustained efforts of social reformers over decades. It was a more comprehensive intervention than previous acts.