Employment and Human Development — Policy Reforms

Entry	Year	Description	Impact
42nd Amendment Act	1976	This amendment inserted Article 43A into the Directive Principles of State Policy. Article 43A mandates that the State shall take steps, by suitable legislation or in any other way, to secure the participation of workers in the management of undertakings, establishments or other organisations engaged in any industry.	It strengthened the constitutional commitment towards worker welfare and industrial democracy, aiming to give workers a voice in management decisions. While non-justiciable, it serves as a guiding principle for labor laws and industrial relations policies, promoting a more equitable and participatory work environment.
86th Amendment Act	2002	This amendment inserted Article 21A, making elementary education a Fundamental Right for children aged 6 to 14 years. It also changed Article 45 to make provision for early childhood care and education for all children until they complete the age of six years, and added a new Fundamental Duty under Article 51A(k).	By making education a fundamental right, it directly impacts human development by ensuring access to basic education, which is a prerequisite for skill development and future employability. A more educated populace is better equipped to participate in the workforce and contribute to economic growth, thus having a long-term positive effect on employment outcomes.