Aquatic Ecosystems — Current Affairs 2026
Current Affairs Connections
Record Marine Heatwaves Threaten India's Coral Reefs and Fisheries in 2024
Early 2024 (ongoing observations)The Indian Ocean, particularly the Arabian Sea and Bay of Bengal, has been experiencing unprecedented marine heatwaves. These prolonged periods of unusually warm ocean temperatures are a direct consequence of climate change and have severe implications for marine ecosystems. For India, this translates to increased coral bleaching events in critical areas like the Gulf of Mannar and Lakshadweep, threatening their biodiversity and the ecosystem services they provide, such as coastal protection and fisheries support. The heatwaves also impact fish migration patterns and breeding cycles, leading to potential declines in fish stocks, which directly affects the livelihoods of coastal communities.
UPSC Angle: This event highlights the immediate and tangible impacts of [climate change adaptation measures](VY:ENV-04-03) on aquatic ecosystems. Aspirants should analyze the scientific basis of marine heatwaves, their ecological consequences (coral bleaching, species migration, food web disruption), socio-economic impacts on fisheries and tourism, and the policy responses required for mitigation and adaptation. It connects to topics like ocean acidification, biodiversity loss, and sustainable fisheries management.
Government Launches 'Amrit Dharohar' Scheme to Boost Wetland Conservation and Livelihoods (2023-24)
June 2023 (scheme launch), ongoing implementation in 2024The 'Amrit Dharohar' scheme, launched by the Indian government, aims to promote the unique conservation values of Ramsar sites (wetlands of international importance) across the country. The initiative focuses on enhancing local livelihoods through sustainable wetland use, promoting ecotourism, and ensuring the long-term ecological restoration of these vital ecosystems. It seeks to build upon the success of India's expanding network of Ramsar sites and integrate community participation in wetland management, recognizing wetlands as crucial for water security, biodiversity, and climate resilience.
UPSC Angle: This scheme is a direct application of the [Wetlands (Conservation and Management) Rules, 2017](https://moef.gov.in/wp-content/uploads/2017/12/Wetlands-Rules-2017.pdf) and demonstrates India's commitment to achieving [sustainable development goals water targets](VY:ENV-05-01). Aspirants should study the scheme's objectives, implementation strategy, its potential to integrate conservation with local economic development, and its role in protecting [wetland ecosystem services](VY:ENV-01-02-04). It's an excellent example of policy intervention for biodiversity conservation and sustainable resource management.