Population Ecology — Environmental Laws

Entry	Year	Description	Impact
42nd Amendment Act	1976	This amendment inserted Article 48A into the Directive Principles of State Policy, mandating the State to 'endeavour to protect and improve the environment and to safeguard the forests and wild life of the country.' It also added Article 51A(g) as a Fundamental Duty, obliging every citizen 'to protect and improve the natural environment including forests, lakes, rivers and wild life, and to have compassion for living creatures.'	These additions provided a constitutional mandate for environmental protection, elevating it to a state responsibility and a citizen's duty. From a population ecology perspective, they laid the legal groundwork for conservation efforts, including the protection of habitats and species populations, and influenced subsequent environmental legislation like the Environment (Protection) Act, 1986. They underscore the state's commitment to maintaining ecological balance and biodiversity.

Also build Paper II skills

Climate data, pollution metrics, and treaty timelines are natural practice for CSAT data interpretation and careful reading. CSAT hub.

• Data interpretation
• Correlation vs causation
• Estimation techniques