Sustainable Development Goals — Environmental Laws

Entry	Year	Description	Impact
42nd Amendment Act	1976	Inserted Article 48A into the Directive Principles of State Policy, mandating the State to 'endeavour to protect and improve the environment and to safeguard the forests and wildlife of the country.' It also added Article 51A(g) as a Fundamental Duty, obliging every citizen 'to protect and improve the natural environment.'	Provided a strong constitutional mandate for environmental protection, directly supporting environmental SDGs (SDG 13, 14, 15) and laying the groundwork for environmental legislation and policy in India. It shifted environmental responsibility from a mere policy choice to a constitutional imperative for both state and citizens.
73rd and 74th Amendment Acts	1992	Granted constitutional status to Panchayati Raj Institutions (PRIs) and Urban Local Bodies (ULBs) respectively, empowering them with responsibilities for local planning and implementation of development schemes.	Crucial for localizing SDGs. By decentralizing governance, these amendments enable grassroots implementation of various development programs related to poverty alleviation (SDG 1), health (SDG 3), education (SDG 4), water (SDG 6), and sustainable cities (SDG 11), fostering community participation and ownership in achieving local SDG targets.

Also build Paper II skills

Climate data, pollution metrics, and treaty timelines are natural practice for CSAT data interpretation and careful reading. CSAT hub.

• Data interpretation
• Correlation vs causation
• Estimation techniques