Forest Resources — Policy Changes

Entry	Year	Description	Impact
42nd Amendment Act	1976	This amendment moved 'Forests' from the State List to the Concurrent List of the Seventh Schedule of the Constitution. This change allowed both the Central and State governments to legislate on forest matters, providing the Union government with greater authority to enact national-level conservation laws and policies.	Significantly strengthened the Central government's role in forest conservation, paving the way for national legislations like the Forest Conservation Act, 1980. It aimed to ensure a more uniform and coordinated approach to forest management across the country, overcoming state-specific variations.
Forest (Conservation) Amendment Act	2023	The Forest (Conservation) Amendment Act, 2023, introduced several changes to the 1980 Act. Key provisions include exempting certain categories of land from the Act's purview, such as forest land along railway lines and roadsides for public utility projects, and land up to 100 km from international borders for national security projects. It also renames the Act as 'Van (Sanrakshan Evam Samvardhan) Adhiniyam, 1980'.	Aimed at streamlining infrastructure development and national security projects, potentially reducing delays in forest clearances. However, it has faced criticism for potentially diluting the protective scope of the original Act, raising concerns about increased forest diversion and reduced environmental safeguards, particularly in ecologically sensitive border areas.

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