Early Warning Systems — Policy Changes

Entry	Year	Description	Impact
Disaster Management Act, 2005	2005	This is not a constitutional amendment but a pivotal legislative act that established the institutional and legal framework for disaster management in India. It mandated the creation of NDMA, SDMAs, and DDMAs, and provided a comprehensive approach to disaster management, including prevention, mitigation, preparedness, and response. Early warning systems are an integral part of this preparedness framework.	Revolutionized India's approach to disaster management from a relief-centric to a holistic, proactive strategy. Provided statutory backing for the development and implementation of EWS across various hazards, ensuring institutional coordination and resource allocation for warning infrastructure and dissemination.
National Policy on Disaster Management, 2009	2009	While not an amendment, this policy operationalized the vision of the Disaster Management Act, 2005. It explicitly recognized the importance of early warning systems and emphasized the need for a multi-hazard, multi-sectoral, and multi-agency approach to EWS, with a focus on community participation and last-mile connectivity.	Provided detailed guidelines and strategic direction for strengthening EWS in India, promoting a culture of prevention and preparedness. It underscored the need for continuous technological upgrades, capacity building, and public awareness campaigns to enhance the effectiveness of warning systems.

Also build Paper II skills

Regional comparisons and process chains train the same coherence and inference habits CSAT passages demand. CSAT hub.

• Data interpretation
• Estimation techniques
• Logical deductions