Humayun and Sher Shah — Key Changes

Entry	Year	Description	Impact
N/A (Administrative Reform)	c. 1540-1545	Introduction of the 'Patta' (title deed) and 'Qabuliyat' (agreement) system for land revenue collection. This formalized the state's demand and the cultivator's rights, bringing transparency and reducing arbitrary taxation.	Revolutionized land revenue administration, protected peasants, ensured stable state income, and served as a precursor to Akbar's Zabti system.
N/A (Monetary Reform)	c. 1540	Standardization of currency with the introduction of the silver 'rupiya' (rupee) of 178 grains and the copper 'dam'. These coins had uniform weight and high purity.	Facilitated trade and commerce, brought economic stability, and established a monetary standard that persisted for centuries.
N/A (Infrastructure Development)	c. 1540-1545	Construction of the Grand Trunk Road (Sadak-i-Azam) and establishment of 'sarais' (inns) at regular intervals, along with a robust postal system (dak-chauki).	Improved communication, boosted trade, ensured security for travelers, and strengthened imperial control and administration.
N/A (Military Reform)	c. 1540-1545	Implementation of 'dagh' (branding of horses) and 'chehra' (descriptive rolls of soldiers) to prevent fraud and maintain a disciplined standing army directly recruited by the emperor.	Enhanced military efficiency, reduced the power of feudal chiefs, and ensured a loyal and well-maintained imperial army.