Other Reform Movements — Key Changes

Entry	Year	Description	Impact
First Amendment Act	1951	Introduced Article 15(4) and 16(4) to the Constitution, enabling the state to make special provisions for the advancement of socially and educationally backward classes of citizens and for Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes.	Directly addressed the historical injustices highlighted by anti-caste movements like Satya Shodhak Samaj and Self-Respect Movement, providing a constitutional basis for affirmative action and reservations. This amendment reflects the long-term impact of early reform efforts to achieve social equality and justice.
103rd Amendment Act	2019	Provided for 10% reservation in government jobs and educational institutions for the Economically Weaker Sections (EWS) among the general category.	While distinct from caste-based reservations, this amendment signifies the evolving nature of social justice in India, still rooted in the broader reformist impulse to uplift disadvantaged sections. It reflects a continued state intervention to address socio-economic disparities, a core concern of many 19th-century reformers who sought to alleviate suffering and promote equitable opportunities.