Non-Cooperation Movement — Key Changes

Entry	Year	Description	Impact
N/A	1919	The Montagu-Chelmsford Reforms, enacted as the Government of India Act, 1919, introduced a system of 'dyarchy' in the provinces and expanded legislative councils. While not an 'amendment' in the sense of a constitutional change *by* the movement, these reforms were deemed insufficient and disappointing by Indian nationalists. The Congress, under Gandhi's influence, rejected them as inadequate for achieving Swaraj, leading to the call for a boycott of the legislative councils as part of the NCM.	The inadequacy of these reforms was a significant cause for the launch of the Non-Cooperation Movement. The British attempt at 'constitutional amendment' was seen as too little, too late, and failed to address the core demands for self-rule, thus fueling the desire for mass agitation outside the constitutional framework.
N/A	1919	The Anarchical and Revolutionary Crimes Act of 1919, popularly known as the Rowlatt Act, was a legislative measure that allowed the British government to imprison any person without trial and conviction. This was a severe curtailment of civil liberties, effectively 'amending' the legal landscape to empower the state with arbitrary powers.	The Rowlatt Act was a direct and immediate cause for widespread outrage and the first nationwide Satyagraha call by Gandhi. Its repressive nature solidified nationalist resolve and became a key grievance that propelled the Non-Cooperation Movement, demonstrating the British government's willingness to 'amend' laws to suppress dissent rather than grant genuine reforms.