ISI Operations in India — Legal Reforms

Entry	Year	Description	Impact
Unlawful Activities (Prevention) Amendment Act, 2019	2019	The 2019 amendments to the UAPA significantly strengthened India's counter-terrorism legal framework. Key changes included empowering the central government to designate individuals as 'terrorists' without requiring them to be part of a proscribed organization. It also allowed the Director General of the NIA to approve the seizure or attachment of property involved in terrorism, without prior approval from state governments, and expanded the list of offenses that NIA officers could investigate.	This amendment has had a profound impact on countering ISI-backed operations by enabling swifter action against individual operatives, financiers, and recruiters, even if they operate independently or across multiple organizations. It streamlined the process of asset seizure, directly impacting terror financing. The expanded powers of the NIA have enhanced its ability to conduct cross-state and international investigations more effectively, leading to more successful prosecutions and disruption of terror networks linked to ISI.