International Cooperation — Tech Evolutions

Entry	Year	Description	Impact
National S&T Policy Shifts	Periodically (e.g., STIP 2020)	While not a constitutional amendment, India's Science, Technology, and Innovation Policy (STIP) 2020 represents a significant policy amendment in its approach to S&T cooperation. It emphasizes an open science framework, greater international collaboration, and leveraging diaspora for national development, moving beyond a purely indigenous focus to one of 'co-creation' and 'co-evolution' with global partners. This policy shift reflects India's growing confidence and capability on the global S&T stage.	Increased emphasis on multilateral engagements, greater flexibility in IP sharing for public good, enhanced focus on attracting and retaining talent, and strategic partnerships in emerging technologies. It provides a renewed mandate for 'science diplomacy foreign policy India' and 'global research partnerships India'.
Foreign Trade Policy (FTP) Revisions	Periodically (e.g., FTP 2023)	Revisions to India's Foreign Trade Policy often include provisions that impact technology transfer international cooperation. These policies can amend regulations concerning import/export of high-tech goods, intellectual property rights, and incentives for R&D collaboration with foreign entities. While not solely S&T focused, they create the economic and regulatory environment for technology flow.	Can ease or restrict the flow of critical technologies, influence foreign investment in R&D, and shape the landscape for 'technology transfer mechanisms international law'. Recent policies often aim to balance promoting indigenous manufacturing with accessing advanced global technologies.