Reservation in Services — Prelims Questions

Which of the following Constitutional Amendments introduced the provision for 'consequential seniority' in matters of promotion for Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes?

Consider the following statements regarding the 'creamy layer' concept in reservation policy: 1. It was first introduced by the Supreme Court in the Indra Sawhney case for Other Backward Classes (OBCs). 2. The Jarnail Singh judgment (2018) extended the creamy layer principle to Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes in matters of promotion. 3. The 103rd Constitutional Amendment, introducing EWS reservation, explicitly applies the creamy layer concept to Economically Weaker Sections.

Which of the following statements is/are correct regarding the 50% ceiling on reservation in government jobs? 1. The Supreme Court, in the Indra Sawhney case, declared the 50% ceiling as an absolute constitutional mandate. 2. Article 16(4B) allows for the 'carry forward' of unfilled reserved vacancies, exempting them from the 50% ceiling of the current year's vacancies. 3. The 10% reservation for Economically Weaker Sections (EWS) is considered within the 50% ceiling for backward classes.

Which of the following is NOT a condition laid down by the Supreme Court in the M. Nagaraj case (2006) for providing reservation in promotions for SCs and STs?

Arrange the following landmark Supreme Court judgments related to reservation in services in chronological order from earliest to latest: 1. M. Nagaraj & Ors. vs. Union of India 2. Indra Sawhney & Ors. vs. Union of India 3. Jarnail Singh & Ors. vs. Lachhmi Narain Gupta & Ors. 4. Janit Singh vs. Union of India