BharatNet Project — Policy Reforms

Entry	Year	Description	Impact
Policy Shift 1	2015	Rebranding of National Optical Fibre Network (NOFN) to BharatNet. This was a significant strategic shift aimed at accelerating the project's pace and addressing initial implementation bottlenecks. It marked a renewed political will and administrative focus.	Led to a more streamlined approach, clearer targets, and increased central government oversight. It also paved the way for a more flexible implementation strategy in subsequent phases.
Policy Shift 2	2017	Introduction of Phase II with a hybrid implementation model. This involved greater participation from state governments and private sector entities, moving beyond the PSU-centric approach of Phase I. It also diversified technology choices to include aerial OFC and satellite solutions.	Aimed to overcome delays by decentralizing implementation and leveraging diverse expertise. It sought to improve last-mile connectivity and service delivery through a multi-pronged approach.
Policy Shift 3	2021 & 2023	Approval of Public-Private Partnership (PPP) model for Phase III and a substantial additional financial outlay. In 2021, a revised strategy for 1.64 lakh GPs under PPP was approved, followed by an additional ₹1.39 lakh crore outlay in 2023 specifically for last-mile connectivity and the PPP model.	Represents a major strategic pivot to bring in private capital, efficiency, and operational expertise for faster rollout, better maintenance, and sustainable service delivery. It aims to ensure the network's long-term viability and maximize utilization.