Composition and Functions — Amendments

Amendment	Year	Description	Impact
61st Amendment	1988	Reduced the voting age from 21 to 18 years, significantly expanding the electorate and requiring the Election Commission to undertake massive voter registration drives and update electoral rolls accordingly.	Increased voter base by millions, particularly benefiting youth participation in democracy and requiring enhanced electoral infrastructure and management capabilities from the Election Commission.
73rd Amendment	1992	Established Panchayati Raj institutions and mandated regular elections to local bodies, though these are conducted by State Election Commissions rather than the central Election Commission.	Created a parallel electoral system for local governance, establishing the principle of multi-tier electoral democracy and influencing the overall electoral landscape in India.
74th Amendment	1992	Provided constitutional status to urban local bodies and mandated regular elections, similar to the 73rd Amendment but for municipal institutions.	Extended democratic governance to urban areas through constitutional mandate, complementing the rural local governance structure and creating comprehensive local electoral systems.

Also build Paper II skills

Dense constitutional and IR passages mirror CSAT-style comprehension and argument evaluation—build those skills in parallel. CSAT hub.

• Valid & invalid arguments
• Syllogisms
• Critical reasoning