Cross-border Terrorism — Amendments

Amendment	Year	Description	Impact
UAPA Amendment Act	2019	The Unlawful Activities (Prevention) Amendment Act, 2019, empowered the central government to designate individuals as terrorists, not just organizations. This amendment strengthened India's legal framework against cross-border terrorism by allowing designation of terrorist leaders like Masood Azhar and Hafiz Saeed.	Enhanced India's ability to target individual terrorist leaders and their financial networks, improved international cooperation in asset freezing and travel bans, and strengthened deterrence against cross-border terrorism
NIA Amendment Act	2019	The National Investigation Agency (Amendment) Act, 2019, expanded NIA's jurisdiction to investigate terrorism-related offenses committed outside India against Indian citizens or affecting Indian interests. It also allowed NIA to establish offices outside Delhi.	Strengthened India's capacity to investigate cross-border terrorism cases, improved coordination with international agencies, and enhanced deterrence by extending Indian law enforcement reach beyond territorial boundaries

Also build Paper II skills

Dense constitutional and IR passages mirror CSAT-style comprehension and argument evaluation—build those skills in parallel. CSAT hub.

• Valid & invalid arguments
• Syllogisms
• Critical reasoning