Sustainable Development Goals — Definition
Definition
The Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) are a collection of 17 interlinked global goals designed to be a blueprint to achieve a better and more sustainable future for all. They were set up in 2015 by the United Nations General Assembly and are intended to be achieved by the year 2030.
The SDGs are also known as the Global Goals and were adopted by all United Nations Member States as part of the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development. The SDGs represent the most ambitious global development framework ever attempted, addressing the root causes of poverty and the universal need for development that works for all people.
Unlike their predecessors, the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs), the SDGs apply to all countries - developed, developing, and least developed countries alike. This universal applicability reflects the understanding that sustainable development challenges are global in nature and require collective action.
The 17 SDGs are: (1) No Poverty, (2) Zero Hunger, (3) Good Health and Well-being, (4) Quality Education, (5) Gender Equality, (6) Clean Water and Sanitation, (7) Affordable and Clean Energy, (8) Decent Work and Economic Growth, (9) Industry, Innovation and Infrastructure, (10) Reduced Inequalities, (11) Sustainable Cities and Communities, (12) Responsible Consumption and Production, (13) Climate Action, (14) Life Below Water, (15) Life on Land, (16) Peace, Justice and Strong Institutions, and (17) Partnerships for the Goals.
Each goal has specific targets (169 in total) and indicators (232 unique indicators) to measure progress. The SDGs are integrated and indivisible, meaning they balance the three dimensions of sustainable development: economic, social, and environmental.
This integration recognizes that action in one area will affect outcomes in others, and that development must balance social, economic and environmental sustainability. For UPSC aspirants, understanding the SDGs is crucial as they frequently appear in both Prelims and Mains examinations, particularly in questions related to international relations, governance, and current affairs.
The SDGs connect to various aspects of Indian governance, from constitutional provisions to government schemes and policies. India's performance on SDGs, as measured by various indices including NITI Aayog's SDG India Index, is a regular feature in current affairs and forms an important component of questions related to development challenges and policy implementation.