Tactical Evolution — Legal Reforms

Entry	Year	Description	Impact
Unlawful Activities (Prevention) Amendment Act, 2019	2019	This amendment allowed the central government to designate individuals as terrorists, not just organizations. It also empowered the Director General of the National Investigation Agency (NIA) to approve seizure or attachment of property when the case is investigated by the NIA, and allowed NIA officers of the rank of Inspector or above to investigate cases.	The amendment significantly strengthened the investigative and punitive powers of central agencies, particularly the NIA. Tactically, it enabled more targeted actions against individuals involved in terrorism, facilitating the disruption of terror networks by directly impacting their operatives and financial resources. This provided security forces with a more potent legal tool for proactive counter-terrorism operations, allowing for quicker action against key facilitators and ideologues.
Border Security Force (Amendment) Act, 2021	2021	This amendment extended the jurisdiction of the Border Security Force (BSF) to a 50 km belt from the international border in Punjab, West Bengal, and Assam, from the earlier 15 km. In Gujarat, the limit was reduced from 80 km to 50 km.	This change significantly expanded the operational area for BSF, allowing them to conduct searches, seizures, and arrests deeper within the states' territories. Tactically, it enhanced BSF's capability to interdict cross-border smuggling, infiltration, and other illegal activities more effectively, providing a larger buffer zone for proactive operations. It aimed to improve border management strategies by giving BSF greater flexibility and reach in combating trans-border crimes, though it also raised concerns about federalism and state police jurisdiction.